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    <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <div class="titlepage">
        <div>
          <div>
            <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="javaindexusage"></a>Secondary Database Example</h2>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="toc">
        <dl>
          <dt>
            <span class="sect2">
              <a href="javaindexusage.html#secondaryMyDbs">Opening Secondary Databases with MyDbs</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dt>
            <span class="sect2">
              <a href="javaindexusage.html#exampleReadJavaSecondaries">Using Secondary Databases with ExampleDatabaseRead</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
        </dl>
      </div>
      <p>In previous chapters in this book, we built applications that load
    and display several DB databases. In this example, we will extend those
    examples to use secondary databases. Specifically:</p>
      <div class="itemizedlist">
        <ul type="disc">
          <li>
            <p>In <a class="xref" href="dbtJavaUsage.html#dbsStoredClass" title="Example 8.4 Stored Class Catalog Management with MyDbs">Stored Class Catalog Management with MyDbs</a> we built a
        class that we can use to open several <code class="classname">Database</code> objects.
        In <a class="xref" href="javaindexusage.html#secondaryMyDbs" title="Opening Secondary Databases with MyDbs">Opening Secondary Databases with MyDbs</a> we will extend 
        that class to also open and manage a <code class="classname">SecondaryDatabase</code>.
        </p>
          </li>
          <li>
            <p>In <a class="xref" href="cursorJavaUsage.html" title="Cursor Example">Cursor Example</a> we
        built an application to display our inventory database (and related
        vendor information). In <a class="xref" href="javaindexusage.html#exampleReadJavaSecondaries" title="Using Secondary Databases with ExampleDatabaseRead">Using Secondary Databases with ExampleDatabaseRead</a> we will extend that application to
        show inventory records based on the index we cause to be loaded using
        <code class="classname">ExampleDatabaseLoad</code>.
        </p>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <p>
            Before we can use a secondary database, we must implement a class to extract secondary keys for us. 
            We use <code class="classname">ItemNameKeyCreator</code> for this purpose.
        </p>
      <div class="example">
        <a id="ItemNameKeyCreator-Java"></a>
        <p class="title">
          <b>Example 10.1 ItemNameKeyCreator.java</b>
        </p>
        <div class="example-contents">
          <p>
        This class assumes the primary database
        uses <code class="classname">Inventory</code> objects for the record data. The
        <code class="classname">Inventory</code> class is described in <a class="xref" href="dbtJavaUsage.html#inventoryjava" title="Example 8.1 Inventory.java">Inventory.java</a>.</p>
          <p>In our key creator class, we make use of a custom tuple binding
        called <code class="classname">InventoryBinding</code>. This class is described in <a class="xref" href="dbtJavaUsage.html#InventoryJavaBinding" title="Example 8.3 InventoryBinding.java">InventoryBinding.java</a>.</p>
          <p>You can find <code class="filename">InventoryBinding.java</code> in: </p>
          <pre class="programlisting"><span class="emphasis"><em>DB_INSTALL</em></span>/examples_java/db/GettingStarted</pre>
          <p>
        where <code class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>DB_INSTALL</em></span></code> is the location where you
        placed your DB distribution.
    </p>
          <a id="java_index11"></a>
          <pre class="programlisting">package db.GettingStarted;

import com.sleepycat.db.DatabaseEntry;
import com.sleepycat.db.DatabaseException;
import com.sleepycat.db.SecondaryDatabase;
import com.sleepycat.db.SecondaryKeyCreator;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleBinding;

import java.io.IOException;

public class ItemNameKeyCreator implements SecondaryKeyCreator {

    private TupleBinding theBinding;

    // Use the constructor to set the tuple binding
    ItemNameKeyCreator(TupleBinding binding) {
        theBinding = binding;
    }

    // Abstract method that we must implement
    public boolean createSecondaryKey(SecondaryDatabase secDb,
        DatabaseEntry keyEntry,    // From the primary
        DatabaseEntry dataEntry,   // From the primary
        DatabaseEntry resultEntry) // set the key data on this.
        throws DatabaseException {

        try {
            // Convert dataEntry to an Inventory object
            Inventory inventoryItem = 
                (Inventory) theBinding.entryToObject(dataEntry);
            // Get the item name and use that as the key
            String theItem = inventoryItem.getItemName();
            resultEntry.setData(theItem.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (IOException willNeverOccur) {}

        return true;
    }
} </pre>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br class="example-break" />
      <p>
            Now that we have a key creator, we can use it to generate keys for a
            secondary database. We will now extend <code class="classname">MyDbs</code>
            to manage a secondary database, and to use
            <code class="classname">ItemNameKeyCreator</code> to generate keys for that
            secondary database.
      </p>
      <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="secondaryMyDbs"></a>Opening Secondary Databases with MyDbs</h3>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p>In <a class="xref" href="dbtJavaUsage.html#dbsStoredClass" title="Example 8.4 Stored Class Catalog Management with MyDbs">Stored Class Catalog Management with MyDbs</a> we built
      <code class="classname">MyDbs</code> as an example of a class that
      encapsulates 
      <code class="classname">Database</code> opens and closes. We will now extend
      that class to manage a <code class="classname">SecondaryDatabase</code>.</p>
        <div class="example">
          <a id="mydbsSecondary"></a>
          <p class="title">
            <b>Example 10.2 SecondaryDatabase Management with MyDbs</b>
          </p>
          <div class="example-contents">
            <p>
            We start by importing two additional classes needed to support secondary databases. 
            We also add a global variable to use as a handle for our secondary database.
        </p>
            <a id="java_index12"></a>
            <pre class="programlisting">// File MyDbs.java
package db.GettingStarted;
                                                                                                                                       
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
                                                                                                                                       
import com.sleepycat.bind.serial.StoredClassCatalog;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleBinding;
import com.sleepycat.db.Database;
import com.sleepycat.db.DatabaseConfig;
import com.sleepycat.db.DatabaseException;
import com.sleepycat.db.DatabaseType;
<strong class="userinput"><code>import com.sleepycat.db.SecondaryConfig;
import com.sleepycat.db.SecondaryDatabase;</code></strong>

public class MyDbs {

    // The databases that our application uses
    private Database vendorDb = null;
    private Database inventoryDb = null;
    private Database classCatalogDb = null;
    <strong class="userinput"><code>private SecondaryDatabase itemNameIndexDb = null;</code></strong>

    private String vendordb = "VendorDB.db";
    private String inventorydb = "InventoryDB.db";
    private String classcatalogdb = "ClassCatalogDB.db";
    <strong class="userinput"><code>private String itemnameindexdb = "ItemNameIndexDB.db";</code></strong>

    // Needed for object serialization
    private StoredClassCatalog classCatalog;

    // Our constructor does nothing
    public MyDbs() {} </pre>
            <p>
        Next we update the <code class="methodname">MyDbs.setup()</code> method to open the 
		secondary database. As a part of this, we have to pass an 
		<code class="classname">ItemNameKeyCreator</code> object on the call to open the secondary
        database. Also, in order to instantiate <code class="classname">ItemNameKeyCreator</code>, we need an
        <code class="classname">InventoryBinding</code> object (we described this class in 
            <a class="xref" href="dbtJavaUsage.html#InventoryJavaBinding" title="Example 8.3 InventoryBinding.java">InventoryBinding.java</a>). 
        We do all this work together inside of <code class="methodname">MyDbs.setup()</code>.
    </p>
            <a id="java_index13"></a>
            <pre class="programlisting">    public void setup(String databasesHome)
        throws DatabaseException {
        DatabaseConfig myDbConfig = new DatabaseConfig();
        <strong class="userinput"><code>SecondaryConfig mySecConfig = new SecondaryConfig();</code></strong>

        myDbConfig.setErrorStream(System.err);
        <strong class="userinput"><code>mySecConfig.setErrorStream(System.err);</code></strong>
        myDbConfig.setErrorPrefix("MyDbs");
        <strong class="userinput"><code>mySecConfig.setErrorPrefix("MyDbs");</code></strong>
        myDbConfig.setType(DatabaseType.BTREE);
        <strong class="userinput"><code>mySecConfig.setType(DatabaseType.BTREE);</code></strong>
        myDbConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
        <strong class="userinput"><code>mySecConfig.setAllowCreate(true);</code></strong>

        // Now open, or create and open, our databases
        // Open the vendors and inventory databases
        try {
            vendordb = databasesHome + "/" + vendordb;
            vendorDb = new Database(vendordb,
                                    null,
                                    myDbConfig);

            inventorydb = databasesHome + "/" + inventorydb;
            inventoryDb = new Database(inventorydb,
                                        null,
                                        myDbConfig);

            // Open the class catalog db. This is used to
            // optimize class serialization.
            classcatalogdb = databasesHome + "/" + classcatalogdb;
            classCatalogDb = new Database(classcatalogdb,
                                          null,
                                          myDbConfig);
        } catch(FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
            System.err.println("MyDbs: " + fnfe.toString());
            System.exit(-1);
        }

        // Create our class catalog
        classCatalog = new StoredClassCatalog(classCatalogDb);

        // Need a tuple binding for the Inventory class.
        // We use the InventoryBinding class
        // that we implemented for this purpose.
        TupleBinding inventoryBinding = new InventoryBinding();

        <strong class="userinput"><code>// Open the secondary database. We use this to create a
        // secondary index for the inventory database

        // We want to maintain an index for the inventory entries based
        // on the item name. So, instantiate the appropriate key creator
        // and open a secondary database.
        ItemNameKeyCreator keyCreator =
            new ItemNameKeyCreator(new InventoryBinding());

        // Set up additional secondary properties
        // Need to allow duplicates for our secondary database
        mySecConfig.setSortedDuplicates(true);
        mySecConfig.setAllowPopulate(true); // Allow autopopulate
        mySecConfig.setKeyCreator(keyCreator);
        // Now open it
        try {
            itemnameindexdb = databasesHome + "/" + itemnameindexdb;
            itemNameIndexDb = new SecondaryDatabase(itemnameindexdb,
                                                    null,
                                                    inventoryDb,
                                                    mySecConfig);
        } catch(FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
            System.err.println("MyDbs: " + fnfe.toString());
            System.exit(-1);
        }</code></strong>
    }
    </pre>
            <p>
        Next we need an additional getter method for returning the secondary database.
    </p>
            <a id="java_index14"></a>
            <pre class="programlisting">    public SecondaryDatabase getNameIndexDB() {
        return itemNameIndexDb;
    } </pre>
            <p>Finally, we need to update the <code class="methodname">MyDbs.close()</code>
        method to close the new secondary database. We want to make sure that
        the secondary is closed before the primaries. While
        this is not necessary for this example because our
        closes are single-threaded, it is still a good habit to adopt.</p>
            <a id="java_index15"></a>
            <pre class="programlisting">    public void close() {
        try {
            <strong class="userinput"><code>if (itemNameIndexDb != null) {
                itemNameIndexDb.close();
            }</code></strong>

            if (vendorDb != null) {
                vendorDb.close();
            }

            if (inventoryDb != null) {
                inventoryDb.close();
            }

            if (classCatalogDb != null) {
                classCatalogDb.close();
            }

        } catch(DatabaseException dbe) {
            System.err.println("Error closing MyDbs: " +
                                dbe.toString());
            System.exit(-1);
        }
    }
} </pre>
            <p>That completes our update to <code class="classname">MyDbs</code>. You
        can find the complete class implementation in:
        </p>
            <pre class="programlisting"><span class="emphasis"><em>DB_INSTALL</em></span>/examples_java/db/GettingStarted</pre>
            <p>
        where <code class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>DB_INSTALL</em></span></code> is the location where you
        placed your DB distribution.
    </p>
          </div>
        </div>
        <br class="example-break" />
      </div>
      <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="exampleReadJavaSecondaries"></a>Using Secondary Databases with ExampleDatabaseRead</h3>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p>Because we performed all our secondary database configuration management in
        <code class="classname">MyDbs</code>, we do not need to modify <code class="classname">ExampleDatabaseLoad</code> at all in
        order to create our secondary indices. When <code class="classname">ExampleDatabaseLoad</code> calls 
        <code class="methodname">MyDbs.setup()</code>, all of the necessary work is performed for us.
        </p>
        <p>
            However, we still need to take advantage of the new secondary indices. We do this by updating 
            <code class="classname">ExampleDatabaseRead</code> to allow us to query for an inventory record based on its name.
            Remember that the primary key for an inventory record is the item's SKU. The item's name is contained in the 
            <code class="classname">Inventory</code> object that is stored as each record's data in the inventory database. But
            our new secondary index now allows us to easily query based on the item's name.
        </p>
        <p>
        For this update, we modify
        <code class="classname">ExampleDatabaseRead</code> to accept a new command line switch,
        <code class="literal">-s</code>, whose argument is the name of an inventory item.
        If the switch is present on the command line call to
        <code class="classname">ExampleDatabaseRead</code>, then the application will
        use the secondary database to look up and display all the inventory
        records with that item name. Note that we use a <code class="classname">SecondaryCursor</code>
        to seek to the item name key and then display all matching records.
      </p>
        <p>Remember that you can find <code class="filename">ExampleDatabaseRead.java</code> in: </p>
        <pre class="programlisting"><span class="emphasis"><em>DB_INSTALL</em></span>/examples_java/db/GettingStarted</pre>
        <p>
        where <code class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>DB_INSTALL</em></span></code> is the location where you
        placed your DB distribution.
    </p>
        <div class="example">
          <a id="secondaryWithEDR"></a>
          <p class="title">
            <b>Example 10.3 SecondaryDatabase usage with ExampleDatabaseRead</b>
          </p>
          <div class="example-contents">
            <p>
            First we need to import an additional class in order to use the secondary cursor:
        </p>
            <a id="java_index16"></a>
            <pre class="programlisting">package db.GettingStarted;

import java.io.IOException;

import com.sleepycat.bind.EntryBinding;
import com.sleepycat.bind.serial.SerialBinding;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleBinding;
import com.sleepycat.db.Cursor;
import com.sleepycat.db.DatabaseEntry;
import com.sleepycat.db.DatabaseException;
import com.sleepycat.db.LockMode;
import com.sleepycat.db.OperationStatus;
<strong class="userinput"><code>import com.sleepycat.db.SecondaryCursor;</code></strong> </pre>
            <p>Next we add a single global variable:</p>
            <a id="java_index17"></a>
            <pre class="programlisting">    public class ExampleDatabaseRead {

    private static String myDbsPath = "./";

    // Encapsulates the database environment and databases.
    private static MyDbs myDbs = new MyDbs();

    private static TupleBinding inventoryBinding;
    private static EntryBinding vendorBinding;

    <strong class="userinput"><code>// The item to locate if the -s switch is used
    private static String locateItem;</code></strong> </pre>
            <p>Next we update <code class="methodname">ExampleDatabaseRead.run()</code> to
        check to see if the <code class="literal">locateItem</code> global variable has a
        value. If it does, then we show just those records related to the item
        name passed on the <code class="literal">-s</code> switch.</p>
            <a id="java_index18"></a>
            <pre class="programlisting">    private void run(String args[]) 
        throws DatabaseException {
        // Parse the arguments list
        parseArgs(args);

        myDbs.setup(myDbsPath);

        // Setup our bindings.
        inventoryBinding = new InventoryBinding();
        vendorBinding =
             new SerialBinding(myDbs.getClassCatalog(),
                               Vendor.class);

            <strong class="userinput"><code>if (locateItem != null) {
                showItem();
            } else {</code></strong>
                showAllInventory();
            <strong class="userinput"><code>}</code></strong>
    } </pre>
            <p>
            Finally, we need to implement <code class="methodname">ExampleDatabaseRead.showItem()</code>. 
            This is a fairly simple method that opens a secondary cursor,
            and then displays every primary record that is related to the secondary
            key identified by the <code class="literal">locateItem</code> global variable.
        </p>
            <a id="java_index19"></a>
            <pre class="programlisting">    private void showItem() throws DatabaseException {
        SecondaryCursor secCursor = null;
        try {
            // searchKey is the key that we want to find in the
            // secondary db.
            DatabaseEntry searchKey =
                new DatabaseEntry(locateItem.getBytes("UTF-8"));

            // foundKey and foundData are populated from the primary
            // entry that is associated with the secondary db key.
            DatabaseEntry foundKey = new DatabaseEntry();
            DatabaseEntry foundData = new DatabaseEntry();

            // open a secondary cursor
            secCursor =
                myDbs.getNameIndexDB().openSecondaryCursor(null, null);

            // Search for the secondary database entry.
            OperationStatus retVal =
                secCursor.getSearchKey(searchKey, foundKey,
                    foundData, LockMode.DEFAULT);

            // Display the entry, if one is found. Repeat until no more
            // secondary duplicate entries are found
            while(retVal == OperationStatus.SUCCESS) {
                Inventory theInventory =
                    (Inventory)inventoryBinding.entryToObject(foundData);
                displayInventoryRecord(foundKey, theInventory);
                retVal = secCursor.getNextDup(searchKey, foundKey,
                    foundData, LockMode.DEFAULT);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Error on inventory secondary cursor:");
            System.err.println(e.toString());
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (secCursor != null) {
                secCursor.close();
            }
        }

    }</pre>
            <p>The only other thing left to do is to update 
        <code class="methodname">ExampleDatabaseRead.parseArgs()</code> to support the <code class="literal">-s</code> command
        line switch. To see how this is done, see
        <code class="filename">ExampleDatabaseRead.java</code> in:
        </p>
            <pre class="programlisting"><span class="emphasis"><em>DB_INSTALL</em></span>/examples_java/db/GettingStarted</pre>
            <p>
        where <code class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>DB_INSTALL</em></span></code> is the location where you
        placed your DB distribution.
    </p>
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